The first dealt with zebu cattle of india and pakistan. Examples include simangus, combining simmental and angus, and limflex, combining limousin and angus. The united states is the leading beef producer in the world. Beef cattle production and management practices and implications for educators abstract beef producers need to continually incorporate new information and adopt new technology to effectively manage production costs. Classification of cattle breeds contributes to our understanding of. Roy kottman, who was then the associate dean of agriculture for undergraduate instruction. Dualpurpose breeds include many of the zebu breeds of india such as tharparkar and ongole cattle. This 71 page ebook includes descriptions of the ideal uses for each breed and the origin. Matching applicable performance or functional levels to environmental, management, and marketing conditions. Animals with a common origin and selection history. They are also called the maternal breeds because they have good mothering ability. Beef cattle health and husbandry for the nsw north coast. Frame scoring of beef cattle the height of a beef animal at a given age can be used as a measure of its maturity type, or growth curve potential.
If a breed in aob has ten head or more shown by at least two exhibitors they will qualify for a breed show. The length of each phase of the production cycle varies with breed, frame size and target market. Terminology the beef industry has a unique language all its own. Feed is a major cost in all beef production systems and taking steps to improve feed use efficiency will improve margins. Apologies if we are missing information on a specific breed. In selecting a beef breed, use the marc information to select breeds that have higher genetic potential for meat and milk. The major breeds of importance in the state are angus, red angus, beefmaster, brahman, brangus, charolais, chianina, gelbvieh, hereford, limousin, longhorn, maine anjou. Between 24 and 27 billion pounds of beef are produced annually in the united states. Cattle breeds and origin download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. Cattle farming is a lucrative business, providing income for millions of people, but there are some essential things you need to do before you venture into the cowcalf production business. Pdf on the breeds of cattlehistoric and current classifications. Beef cattle were introduced to australia in 1788, with the first herds based on british breeds, particularly the shorthorn.
But for beef cattle production, breeds are only part of a genetic strategy that should include. Benton and washington counties are the two largest counties in terms of all cattle and calves numbers, 120,000 and. Beef cattle breeds download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. The breed, or combination of breeds, used in a defined breeding program have a.
This article will outline how to start the cattle farming business, and the beef cattle farming business plan pdf, word and excel. Originating in the alps of switzerland, brown swiss cattle were first imported to the. However, a relatively small number of breeds less than 20 constitute the majority of the genetics. Breeds known as dualpurpose are also used for beef production. It is white with black or red points on the muzzle, eyes, and ears. Breeds of cattle at cattle today breeds of beef cattle. Pdf classification of cattle breeds contributes to our understanding of the history of cattle and is essential for an effective conservation of. British breeds are breeds that were developed in the british isles and were brought to the united states in the late 1700s through the late 1800s.
Setshwaelo animal production research unit, private bag 0033, gaborone, botswana. Bos indicus or bos taurus indicus cattle, commonly called zebu, are adapted to hot climates and. The total area involved is 40,000 ha, the stations carrying breeding herds range in size from 1500 to 6000 ha. Developing and managing small herd of beef cattle introductions. Quality of meat of beef breeds bulls article pdf available in medycyna weterynaryjna 5710. Bob hough includes twelve additional breeds, bringing the grand total to fortyfive with a page count of 400. What is the middle joint of the rear leg of a calf called. This implies that you can change eg the number of cattle, price of beef per kg etc, and all the other financial statements will automatically adjust to reflect the change.
However, a relatively small number of breeds less than 20 constitute the majority of the genetics utilized in the u. The cattle breeds ebook is a comprehensive guide to the different varieties of cattle. If you have information on a breed not listed please contact us and we will aim to add that breed to the list. This breed originated in scotland, is polled with a black smooth coat, and is known for carcass quality, milking, mothering, and reproductive abilities. Anatomy of beef cattle diagrams are in the back of the study guide a. British beef are widely applicable, with some limits in tropical and subtropical climates. Beef breeds are used to produce meat, while dairy breeds are used primarily to produce milk. What solid black polled breed originated in scotland angus weights bull 1,600 2,000 cow 1,000 1,400 3. Starting beef cattle farming business plan pdf startupbiz. Third, select genetic types, breeds, and individuals within breeds for compatibility with the the first two considerations. Orangered colour, often with white legs and white areas. British breeds are suitable for generalpurpose production. Breeds of beef and multipurpose cattle msu college of. This is the second fao publication regarding types and breeds of cattle.
Beef cattle breeds and biological types virginia tech. Beef cattle breeds and biological types vce publications. Cattle breed types department of primary industries. There is rapid testicular growth in young bulls 6 through 16 months of age and tremendous range in testes size for bulls of the same age within breed. Jodi black, state extension associate, 4hanimal sciences. Which breed of cattle has the largest worldwide breed registry. First, determine the production and marketing conditions and match applicable levels of animal performance to these conditions. Breeds of beef cattle there are approximately 250 breeds of cattle recognized throughout the world, and several hundred breeds that are not currently recognized. This document is an164, one of a series of the animal sciences department, florida cooperative extension service, institute of food and agricultural sciences, university of florida. Almost all of the beef cattle animal is used to make things we need.
Select the beef cattle breed you would like to know about from the list below. This publication contains the proceedings of a seminar beef production from different dairy breeds and dairy beef crosses, held in ireland on april 15, 1981, under the auspices of the commission of the european communities cec as part of the european communities ec programme for beef production. Common beef breeds of oregon 1 beef cattle library dustin mcguire 2 oregon state university beef cattle sciences introduction with the wide range of beef cattle breeds utilized in the united states, it can be difficult to choose the right breed for each operation. The lists of breeds refer to listed breeds of domesticated animals. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Meat is the most important product of beef cattle, but there are many byproducts or secondary products from beef cattle, too. A detailed guide to the breeding and management of beef cattle and their preparation and fitting for shows and sales. Oklahoma state university began a master cattleman program with this need in mind.
Known for their strength and ruggedness, producing. A listing of over 50 breeds of beef cattle including their history, traits, description and pictures. A users guide to general types of cattle which fit into muscle score categories. Characterization of beef cattle breeds by virtue of their performances in the national beef cattle performance and progeny testing scheme. There are breeds that will produce all of the colors mentioned. Breeds of cattle 2nd edition marks the twentieth anniversary of the 1987 publication. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. However, an exact count is difficult to obtain because other breeds continue to be. Cattle producers began using shorthorn bulls on their polled aberdeenangus cow. Greiner, extension animal scientist, virginia tech worldwide there are more than 250 breeds of beef cattle. Animas within a breed tend to breed true for the specific traits they have been selected for and that characterize the breed.
In the 4h beef project you can select from a breeding animal or a market animal. Physiological and endrocine parameters in beef cattle. The european breeds include charolais, gelbvieh, limousin, maineanjou, salers, and simmental. All illustrated in full color formal portraits of a mature bull and mature cow of each breed.
There are approximately 250 breeds of cattle recognized throughout the world, and several hundred breeds that are not currently recognized. American breeds, such as brangus and beefmaster, are gaining in popularity. Office of agricultural instruction in cooperation with the bureau of animal industry, united states department of agriculture, washington, d. It allows the breeder to determine where an animal best fits into a breeding program. You can also selectchange the breed you are viewing using the dropdown list in the header above. This article includes a speciesrelated list of lists. A herd of purebred cattle will generally be more uniform in coat color than a herd of crossbred cows. To help identify the red meat content in cattle, a method of evaluating shape termed muscle scoring is used. Starting beef cattle fattening farming business in. The british breeds include angus, red angus, hereford, and shorthorn. Beef consumption has been gradually decreasing since the 1970s, when it was over 70 pounds per capita, to less than 55 pounds today. Data from progress reports of the scheme were reanalysed for this investigation.
The expanded volume includes eleven additional breeds. Longevity cows can stay in production upwards of 15 20 years naturally polled hybrid vigor. Individuals involved with beef cattle should understand and use this terminology correctly. The inspiration for writing this book goes back to my undergraduate student days at iowa state university when i enrolled in the course, breeds of livestock, taught by the late dr. Muscle scoring beef cattle department of primary industries.
Over breeds of cattle are recognized worldwide, some of which adapted to the local climate, others which were bred by humans for specialized uses cattle breeds fall into two main types, which are regarded as either two closely related species, or two subspecies of one species. Any breed listed in the current premium list that has less than ten head will show in aob. Breeds of beef cattle in this project, breeds of beef. Unlike most types, british beef breeds can be logically straightbred for commercial production. Factors affecting ruminant breed distribution 39 5. Jul 03, 2019 cattle abattoirs in south africa supplementary pdf file.
This breed was associated with the opening up of each new area of pastoral australia in the early days, and was especially dominant in northwestern queensland, the northern territory and the kimberley region of western australia. The european breeds are known for growing fast and being heavy muscled. Beef cattle breeds and biological types pdf virginia tech. Participants must identify the breed name based on a photo of the breed, and also match the correct breed description to it. Light most dairy breeds dairy types extremely low british and bos indicus types very leggy light heifers dairy breeds dairy breeds and lowmuscle beef breeds table 2. Many of these breeds have similar biological properties. Beef production in great britain download ebook pdf, epub. Pdf on the breeds of cattle historic and current classifications. Soon thereafter, good herds of shorthorn cattle were established in. Limousine, is a french breed of beef cattle from the limousin and marche regions of france. The highlyanticpated second edition of herman purdys classic 1987 breeds of cattle is now avilable for same day shipping. Brahman as the best representative of the zebu breeds, the simmental as re presentative of the large european breeds and the bonsmara as the represent tion of the recently developed breeds. Cattle breed types brian cumming livestock officer beef products, albury there are far more breeds of cattle in the world than are available in australia, although close to 100 are represented in australian herds.
Muscle scoring beef cattle bill mckiernan research leader animal production, production research, orange introduction the muscle or red meat content of a beef animal is the most valuable part of the carcase. In the 1960s there were still more than 250 000 head. Summary beef cattle breeding policies and strategies in the tropics have changed over the years in an attempt to optimize production levels given constraints of climate and economic conditions. These are part of what are sometimes called exotics. Cattle breeds by origin of country there are numerous breeds of cattle raised in the united states. Australia is the biggest beef exporter in the world.
Over 60 of these breeds are present in the united states. In size and overall type, they are very similar to the british white. Dairy breeds most beef breed types and bos indicus most beef breed cows and bos indicus e. For example, the faster growing cattle are generally larger at birth and calving difficulty is. In this edition other cattle production systems are recognised in a new section which includes calf rearing, store fattening, cattle in farm forestry, and cattle on forages and grain. Nutritional, genetic and management factors all influence feed use efficiency. A breed show must have a minimum of ten animals shown by at least two exhibitors in order to qualify for an official show. Beef meat, dairy, draft, and multipurpose beef draft, dairydraft, beef dairy and beef dairydraft. Benton and washington counties are the two largest counties in terms of all cattle and calves numbers, 120,000 and 86,000 head, respectively. Cow breeds can be broken up into four purpose types.
Here is a short list of some of the parts of cattle and how they are used. How to identify common breeds of beef cattle farm and dairy. With the mechanisation of agriculture in the twentieth century, numbers declined. Animals within a breed have physical characteristics that distinguish them from other breeds or groups of animals within that same species. As a breed salers are very intelligent and calm in temperament. Five stantions maintain a herd of pure tswanas and a herd where one or more of the above 4 sire breeds are crosse on to tswana females. To take advantage of hybrid vigor, cross them with other breeds of this type and with all other types. More than eighty recognized breeds of beef cattle are available to produc ers in the united states. Beef breeds in missouri many breeds of beef cattle are found in missouri. Cattle today has the nets best cattle forum, usda market news, sale reports, classified ads, ranch listings and news for livestock breeders.
Some breeds have been around for centuries, while others have been developed in the last couple of decades by mixing older breeds. Government beef cattle ranches stretching throughout botswana. The purpose of the cattle book is to describe the size, distribution and other relevant characteristics of the cattle population in a standardised, qualityassured format. Participants must be able to identify breeds from the following livestock species. Know your beef breeds select your animal identify parts of the animal and cuts of meat train your calf to lead. Beef quiz bowl questions beef 1 bite into beef beef 1 quiz bowl questions 1. Many have also opened their herdbooks to accepting hybrid breeding. Worldwide there are more than 250 breeds of beef cattle.
These breeds have been selected for two purposes at once, such as both beef and dairy production, or both beef and draught. On the breeds of cattlehistoric and current classifications article pdf available in diversity 34. Angus black and red, hereford horned and polled, and short horn are the primary british breeds. Many beef breeds have brought in outside genetics to incorporate black hair coats into their breeds. Types and breeds of african cattle food and agriculture. The cattle are predominantly polled with 3 to 5% horned. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 911k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. This title seeks to serve as a guide to the cattle breeds registered in australia.
The brown swiss is one of the oldest breeds of dairy cattle, with records dating back to 4000 b. More than eighty recognized breeds of beef cattle are available to producers in the united states. Developing and managing small herd of beef cattle introductions beef production is a large and important segment of south african farming. Bull age has the greatest effect on testicular development in young bulls from 6 to 36 months of age.
Reproduction traits such as milk production and age at puberty are the primary concern of a cowcalf producer, while efficiency of gain, rate of. Cows wear longer 10% less depreciation easier calving 10% extra calves. As beef production on the north coast is largely pasturebased, the focus of this book is on pasture management and sustainable grazing systems. Continental european breeds and derivatives developed exclusively for beef production.
The breed, or combination of breeds, used in a defined breeding program have a significant impact on the effi ciency and profitability of the beef enterprise. The husbandry and management methods employed on all stations were standardised and each station carried at least two breeds or crosses. The subject of breeds intrigues most cattle producers. Additionally, the diverse climate, landscape and feed. The purpose of this report is to rank the most numerous beef cattle breeds which took pert in the national beef cattle performance and progeny testing scheme pts for individual growth traits and some productivity and efficiency indices. It was formerly used mainly as a draught animal, but in modern times is reared for beef. What beef breed was developed at the king ranch in texas. The american white park is promoted and selected as a beef breed.