Because of the central role played by sound in speech communication, it is important to have a good understanding of how sound is produced, modified, and measured. Read about sound basic science for kids grades k2 pdf. The alternating configuration of c and r of particles is described by the graph of a sine wave ccrests, rtroughs the speed of a sound pressure wave in air is. He also measures the speed of sound using an inclass demo. A sound wave is both the end product of the speech production mechanism and the primary source of raw material used by the listener to recover the speakers message.
Interactive courses dedicated to expanding popular knowledge of audio and audio production, for audio professionals, academics, musicians, and audio enthusiasts. And this type of wave, where the direction of the disturbance is the same, or along the same axis as the direction in which the wave is travelling the wave is travelling in that direction this is call a longitudinal wave. Introduction and types a wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. A wave is a disturbance that moves through space or matter. The higher the frequency, the more energy in the wave. In chemistry 111a you will be introduced to quantum mechanics, which is also sometimes called wave mechanics. And sound waves can undergo reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference. Sound wave can be described by five characteristics. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains. When playing a string instrument, such as the violin, the sound waves will be regular and uniform.
Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. Now, those who mix in the box can achieve the sound they thought theyd lost when they moved to the digital world. Adjust frequency and amplitude, and observe the effects. Sound can let you communicate with others or let others communicate with you. Types of waves 2types of waves 2 plane waves propagation direction w plane waves have a propagation direction and therefore plane wavefronts e. However, it is also a resource for those teaching and learning waves and sound from middle school through college, at a mathematical or conceptual level. How are sound waves affected by changes in amplitude and pitch. Dogs can hear frequencies up to at least 40,000 hertz. So lets start by finding out what all these sounds, from the pleasing ones to the terribly irritating, have in common. Motion of the waves energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves waves can have both transverse and longitudinal motion. Explain how different sounds are modeled, described, and produced. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. Key words sound waves, sound, reflection, pitch, volume summary the students will learn about mechanical waves from a demonstration and then translate what they learn about mechanical waves to sound waves. Another key idea in sound waves is the wavelength of the sound wave.
The equation of wave motion and the velocity potential are introduced. Physics 1101 introduction to sound waves instructor. Cbse 8 we hear so many sounds in our surroundings in our daily life. Both carry energy through space, but sound waves require matter to pass through and infrared waves do not. Sound wave ripple in water guitar string tv signal. The author shows through a broad approach how wave phenomena can be observed in a variety of physical situations and explains how their.
If youve any doubts or topics you want us to cover in the comments section. Introduction to sound science video for kids grades k2. Speech and sound, for example, which enabled communication among ourselves. We hear so many sounds in our surroundings in our daily life. Everyday your world is filled with a multitude of sounds. Traveling waves waves propagate from one place to another. Discusses waves of all kind, including light waves, sound waves, seismic waves, and the now clearly detected gravitational waves. This vibrations set particles in the sur rounding medium typical air in vibrational motion, thus. Make waves with water, sound, and light and see how they are related. The purpose of these lecture notes is to give an introduction to various kinds of pde describing waves. Sound wave, a longitudinal wave, is discussed in this lecture. I aim to extend the concept of a poetics of responsibility beyond the literary discussion, where it was originally coined by ecocritical theorist. A riview of the principles and applications of sound wave.
Explains the importance of understanding wave behaviour, and its wide applications. Sound coming from a guitar to the ear is a longitudinal wave. Computer musicians, in particular, can benefit in myriad ways from an understanding of the mechanisms of sound, its objective measurements and the. Sep 11, 2017 we hear so many sounds in our surroundings in our daily life.
Introduction to the physics of waves by tim freegarde. After reading this section you will be able to do the following. This introduction provides an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. In production mixing mastering with waves, anthony egizii guides you through the essentials of professional music production and signal processing techniques. Starting from the conservation laws and the constitutive equations given in section 1.
Introduction to the physics of waves and sound uvic. Just like other waves, sound waves can be characterized by velocity, frequency, wavelength, and amplitude. To become familiar with the properties of sinusoidal waves, such as wavelength, wave speed, amplitdue, and frequency. Which kind of wave would be observed in outer space between planets, where there is very little matter. Show students the photographs and ask students to compare and contrast the waves. May not be copied, modified, sold or redistributed in any form without permission. Wave, propagation of disturbances from place to place in a regular and organized way. Speed of sound waves two factors affect the speed of sound waves. The frequency, usually denoted by the greek letter. The loudness or volume of the sound also increases with wave amplitude. Tell students that, in oceans, they can find waves all the way across the oceannot just at beaches. Longitudinal compressional waves the medium vibrates in the same direction of the wave. A very short introduction mike goldsmith very short introductions. Density of the medium stiffness of the medium atomic springs solids and liquids are more rigid than gases so sound waves move faster.
The disturbance or variation can be a change in pressure, electrical intensity or many other things, but there is always a transfer of energy. Well discover that when things vibrate they make sound. The students will then build a device to investigate how you can detect sound waves. Echolocation waves can have frequencies of about 100,000 hz. Sound waves a slinky is a good illustration of how a compressional wave moves. Hear the sound produced by the speaker, and discover what determines the color of light. We hear via sound waves, and we see via electromagnetic waves in the frequency range we call light. This section introduces the properties of waves and wave motion. Interaction between temperature di erences and sound was discovered by rijke in 1859, when he found a way of using heat to sustain a sound in a cylindrical tube open at both ends. The radio in your car receives the radio waves, decodes the information, and uses a speaker to change it back into a sound wave, bringing sweet music to your ears. Sound is made when things vibrate back and forth very fast. Introduction to waves general remarks we are bathed in waves, and two of our senses are wave detectors.
In taking a bath or going for a swim, we are literally bathed by water waves. By contrast, when striking some percussion instruments, like a metal plate with a hammer, the sound waves are disjointed and irregular. An introduction inquiry based description the students will use the simulation to learn the goals through an inquiry approach. Hirschberg eindhoven university of technology 28 nov 2019 this is an extended and revised edition of iwde 9206. Some of these waves are compressional, and others are transverse. Discuss why sound plays an important role in your life. A number of fundamental physical phenomena are describeable as waves.
The second section is an introduction to harmonic oscillators and di. Rick salmon scripps institution of oceanography university of. Introduction wave and tidal energy wiley online library. Introduction to waves henry county school district. In the trance experience, an introduction to electronic dance music, dj torsten fassbender shares his unique insights into the world of popular electronic music. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Since the particles are moving in parallel direction to the wave movement, the sound wave is referred to as a. Introduction to ocean waves 9 our second limiting case represents the opposite extreme.
Sound waves produced by most musical instruments are ordered, not random. Most familiar are surface waves that travel on water, but sound, light, and the motion of subatomic particles all exhibit wavelike properties. Class 11 physics introduction to sound waves youtube. Make waves with a dripping faucet, audio speaker, or laser. Lee calculates the speed of sound using two extreme cases. October 7, 2009 this paper gives a short introduction to underwater sound and the principle of sonar. Sawtooth wave square wave sine wave waves are typically disturbances in some medium. One of the most commonly observed types of wave is that called a sound wave. Sound is a wave that is created by vibrating objects and propagated through a medium from one location to another, via particle interaction. Design ways to determine the speed, frequency, period and wavelength of a sound wave model. This is the result of the wave sound that moved from the persons car to yours. Waves and ssl engineers have worked together for over a year to recreate the sound characteristics of the classic ssl 4000 series e and series g consoles. Longitudinal waves two different motions to describe in a wave. A common feature of these examples is that they all can be described by partial differential equations pde.
A sound wave is an air pressure disturbance that results from vibration. Introduction all musicians work with sound in one fashion or another, yet most have little understanding of its properties. Introduction to the mechanics of waves mihir sen department of aerospace and mechanical engineering university of notre dame, notre dame, in 46556 march 20, 2014. To study the properties of common waves waves on strings, sound waves, and light waves. Read about examples in this pdf and fun lesson for kids. Sound represents a longitudinal wave of wavelength and frequency f which is. Make sure they understand that waves are found in bodies of water of all sizes. There are familiar, everyday sorts of waves in water, ropes and springs. Unit 1 waves even though a sound wave is a longitudinal wave, it can be mathematically represented as a transverse wave. The alternating configuration of c and r of particles is described by the graph of a sine wave ccrests, rtroughs the speed of a sound pressure wave in air is 331. The crests correspond to areas of high pressure compressions and the troughs correspond with the rarefactions or areas of low pressure. The seismic waves that cause most damage to buildings are a kind of rolling waves. Explores the features which all waves have in common. These rolling waves are a combination of compressional and transverse waves.
The result of longitudinal waves is the creation of compressions and rarefactions within the air. There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and electromagnetic waves. Balancing concise mathematical analysis with the realworld examples and practical applications that inspire students, this textbook provides a clear and approachable introduction to the physics of waves. Have you ever thought about what actually produces the sound. It can be a warning of danger or simply an enjoyable experience. The physical determinants of the speed of sound of the different types of waves corresponding to the propagation in a liquid and in a. In the simplest waves, the disturbance oscillates periodically see periodic motion with a fixed frequency and. Introduction his manual covers the physics of waves, sound, music, and musical instruments at a level designed for high school physics. In the case of sound waves, the vibrations create a series of compressions and expansions and the wave travels along the compression in the direction of the propagation. You cant always see sound waves because they are vibrating so fast. What do sound waves and infrared waves have in common, and what makes them different. Speed of sound in air about 340 msec varies strongly with temperature. Pdf sound waves are the most common examples of longitudinal. Solids, liquids, and gases can support longitudinal waves.
However, there is a difference between vibration and wave. Sound wave ocean wave wave on a rope stadium wave 2. The speed, period icity, and intensity of sound waves are defined, and the doppler effect is introduced. These particles move in a direction parallel to the direction of the wave. In open and closed tubes, sounds waves can exist as standing waves as long as there. This dissertation undertakes a quest for a poetics of responsibility in the age of the anthropocene. Wavelength and frequency for sound waves in tubes practice. Computer musicians, in particular, can benefit in myriad ways from an understanding of the mechanisms of sound, its objective measurements and the more subjective area of its perception.
So sound waves sound through air, theyre longitudinal waves. Introduction to sonar roy edgar hansen course materiel to infgeo4310, university of oslo, autumn 2009 dated. In this section we will familiarize ourselves with waves by concentrating on material waves. Introduction to transverse and longitudinal waves if youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. Some things you can hear when you close your eyes might be fans, people. From source to detector sound from an instrument to ear cell phone to cell tower and vice versa em waves water waves a disturbance in the water moves outward.
Understand quickly the meaning of vibrations and waves with crystal clear explanations. Introduction to waves powerpoint introduction to waves. Watch this series of video tutorials for a complete guide on how to efficiently set up and fully operate the emotion lv1 live mixing console software. A water wave is an example of a surface wave, which is a combination of transverse and longitudinal wave motions. We begin our study of waves in this first unit of physics 7c with an introduction to waves and then a thorough development of the harmonic plane wave model, which we will use extensively to model and understand a wide variety of wave phenomena. Physics 1101 introduction to sound waves instructor sings, and then plays various instruments instructor oh, this unit is going to be so much fun. The bel unit represents a rather crude scale, therefore the introduction. Chapter 1 introduction humans have interacted with some form of waves for a very long time, though of course they were not known as such. What are the characteristics of mechanical and electromagnetic waves.